What’s to Become of the Boy?

“What was to become of the boy? What was to become of me?” — Heinrich Böll

What’s to Become of the Boy? is a semi-autobiographical novel by Heinrich Böll, reflecting on his adolescence in Nazi Germany. The book captures the confusion, fear, and moral dilemmas of a young boy growing up under a totalitarian regime.

Early Years and Family Life

The narrative begins with Böll’s childhood in Cologne, portraying his working-class Catholic family. His parents, though not overtly political, resist Nazi ideology in subtle ways. Young Heinrich observes the growing tension in society but remains largely unaware of the full implications of the regime.

School Under the Nazi Regime

Böll describes his school years, where Nazi propaganda infiltrates education. Teachers enforce loyalty to Hitler, and students face pressure to join the Hitler Youth. Böll, skeptical but not yet rebellious, navigates this environment with a mix of compliance and quiet resistance.

The Outbreak of War

As World War II erupts, Böll’s life changes drastically. He witnesses the destruction of Cologne and the increasing militarization of youth. Drafted into labor service, he experiences the harsh realities of war, though he avoids frontline combat due to his age.

Moral Awakening

Gradually, Böll becomes more critical of Nazi ideology. He questions the regime’s brutality and the blind obedience demanded of citizens. His Catholic upbringing and exposure to literature fuel his moral resistance, though he remains powerless to act openly.

Post-War Uncertainty

The book concludes with Germany’s defeat and Böll’s uncertain future. He reflects on the devastation of his country and the moral responsibility of his generation. The question “What’s to become of the boy?” lingers, symbolizing both personal and national reckoning.

Key Ideas

• The psychological impact of growing up under fascism
• The tension between conformity and individual conscience
• The role of family and religion in resisting oppression
• The moral ambiguity of survival in a dictatorship
• The generational burden of war and guilt